صفحة 766 من 788

136 ["The order of the Piarists attained, after the expulsion of

the Jesuits in 1773, great influence over the education of youth,

and initiated, mainly by the efforts of Konarski, an improved

system of education. While the Jesuits had laid the main stress

upon Latin, the Piarists substituted French as the groundwork of

education. This was an improvement upon the previous system, but

it had the effect of inducing an aping of French manners and

customs in literature and social life, till the reaction in

favour of Polish nationality."-M. A. Biggs (slightly altered).]

137 [Literally, "of Marymont flour." Marymont is a village near

Warsaw, which is (or was) famous for its flour.]

138 [The epithet in the original is Sak, a sack; glupi jak sak,

"stupid as a sack," is a Polish proverb. As an equivalent, the

archaic Buzzard seemed preferable to the grotesque modern

Donkey.]