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4 [Tadeusz (Thaddeus) Kosciuszko (1746-1817). This most famous

Polish patriot was a native of the same portion of Lithuania as

Mickiewicz. He early emigrated to America and served with

distinction in the Revolutionary War. On his later career see p.

334. After the failure of the insurrection of 1794 Kosciuszko was

imprisoned for two years in St. Petersburg; in 1796, on the death

of Catharine, he was released by Paul. He thereafter lived in

retirement, first in France and then in Switzerland, resisting

all the attempts of Napoleon to draw him into his service. At the

Congress of Vienna he made fruitless efforts in behalf of Poland.

His memory is probably more reverenced by the Polish people than

that of any other man. His remains rest in the cathedral at

Cracow, and on the outskirts of the city is a mound of earth 150

feet high raised as a monument to him.]

5 [Czamarka (diminutive of czamara) in the original; see note

82.]