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The usual recompence, however, of public and private teachers,

small as it may appear, would undoubtedly be less than it is, if

the competition of those yet more indigent men of letters, who

write for bread, was not taken out of the market. Before the

invention of the art of printing, a scholar and a beggar seem to

have been terms very nearly synonymous. The different governors

of the universities, before that time, appear to have often

granted licences to their scholars to beg.