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Over and above the expenses which are common to every branch of

trade, such as the expense of house-rent, the wages of servants,

clerks, accountants, etc. the expenses peculiar to a bank consist

chiefly in two articles: first, in the expense of keeping at all

times in its coffers, for answering the occasional demands of the

holders of its notes, a large sum of money, of which it loses the

interest; and, secondly, in the expense of replenishing those

coffers as fast as they are emptied by answering such occasional

demands.