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(c) But Plato has an equal, or, in his own estimation, even

greater paradox in reserve, which is summed up in the famous

text, 'Until kings are philosophers or philosophers are kings,

cities will never cease from ill.' And by philosophers he

explains himself to mean those who are capable of apprehending

ideas, especially the idea of good. To the attainment of this

higher knowledge the second education is directed. Through a

process of training which has already made them good citizens

they are now to be made good legislators.