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Nonsense, he replied. But let me add something more: There is

another side to Glaucon's argument about the praise and censure

of justice and injustice, which is equally required in order to

bring out what I believe to be his meaning. Parents and tutors

are always telling their sons and their wards that they are to be

just; but why? not for the sake of justice, but for the sake of

character and reputation; in the hope of obtaining for him who is

reputed just some of those offices, marriages, and the like which

Glaucon has enumerated among the advantages accruing to the

unjust from the reputation of justice. More, however, is made of

appearances by this class of persons than by the others; for they

throw in the good opinion of the gods, and will tell you of a

shower of benefits which the heavens, as they say, rain upon the

pious; and this accords with the testimony of the noble Hesiod

and Homer, the first of whom says, that the gods make the oaks of

the just-