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[Li Ch'uan adds the comment: "It is like tying together the legs

of a thoroughbred, so that it is unable to gallop." One would

naturally think of "the ruler" in this passage as being at home,

and trying to direct the movements of his army from a distance.

But the commentators understand just the reverse, and quote the

saying of T'ai Kung: "A kingdom should not be governed from

without, and army should not be directed from within." Of course

it is true that, during an engagement, or when in close touch

with the enemy, the general should not be in the thick of his own

troops, but a little distance apart. Otherwise, he will be liable

to misjudge the position as a whole, and give wrong orders.]

14. (2) By attempting to govern an army in the same way as he

administers a kingdom, being ignorant of the conditions which

obtain in an army. This causes restlessness in the soldier's

minds.