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In ancient times, while laws were respected, even the most

powerful magnates did not dare to resist judicial decrees, armed

attacks rarely took place, and violence almost never went

unpunished. Well known in history is the sad end of Prince Wasil

Sanguszko, and of Stadnicki, called the Devil.-The corruption of

public morals in the Commonwealth increased the number of forays,

which continually disturbed the peace of Lithuania. [The

rendering of zajazd by foray is of course inexact and

conventional; but the translator did not wish to use the Polish

word and could find no better English equivalent.]

2 Every one in Poland knows of the miraculous image of Our Lady

at Jasna Gora in Czenstochowa. In Lithuania there are images of

Our Lady, famed for miracles, at the Ostra [Pointed] Gate in

Wilno, the Castle in Nowogrodek, and at Zyrowiec and Boruny.

3 [See p. 332.]