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"Rule," and sometimes "Rulers," are denoted by this term the

initiative being a property of Rule.

"Principle" is a very usual signification of it, and in fact the

most characteristic of the Ethics. The word Principle means

"starting-point." Every action has two beginnings, that of

Resolve οὗ ἕνεκα, and that of Action (ὅθεν ἡ κινήσις). I desire

praise of men this then is the beginning of Resolve. Having

considered how it is to be attained, I resolve upon some course

and this Resolve is the beginning of Action.

The beginnings of Resolve, Ἀρχὶ or Motives, when formally stated,

are the major premisses of what Aristotle calls the συλλογίσμοι

τῶν πρακτῶν, i.e. the reasoning into which actions may be

analysed.

Thus we say that the desire of human praise was the motive of the

Pharisees, or the principle on which they acted.

Their practical syllogism then would stand thus: