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Where all other circumstances are equal, wages are generally

higher in new than in old trades. When a projector attempts to

establish a new manufacture, he must at first entice his workmen

from other employments, by higher wages than they can either earn

in their own trades, or than the nature of his work would

otherwise require; and a considerable time must pass away before

he can venture to reduce them to the common level. Manufactures

for which the demand arises altogether from fashion and fancy,

are continually changing, and seldom last long enough to be

considered as old established manufactures. Those, on the

contrary, for which the demand arises chiefly from use or

necessity, are less liable to change, and the same form or fabric

may continue in demand for whole centuries together. The wages of

labour, therefore, are likely to be higher in manufactures of the

former, than in those of the latter kind.