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5, 6. The Moral Law causes the people to be in complete accord

with their ruler, so that they will follow him regardless of

their lives, undismayed by any danger.

[Tu Yu quotes Wang Tzŭ as saying: "Without constant practice, the

officers will be nervous and undecided when mustering for battle;

without constant practice, the general will be wavering and

irresolute when the crisis is at hand."]

7. Heaven signifies night and day, cold and heat, times and

seasons.

[The commentators, I think, make an unnecessary mystery of two

words here. Meng Shih refers to "the hard and the soft, waxing

and waning" of Heaven. Wang Hsi, however, may be right in saying

that what is meant is "the general economy of Heaven," including

the five elements, the four seasons, wind and clouds, and other

phenomena.]

8. Earth comprises distances, great and small; danger and

security; open ground and narrow passes; the chances of life and

death.