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18. All warfare is based on deception.

[The truth of this pithy and profound saying will be admitted by

every soldier. Col. Henderson tells us that Wellington, great in

so many military qualities, was especially distinguished by "the

extraordinary skill with which he concealed his movements and

deceived both friend and foe."]

19. Hence, when able to attack, we must seem unable; when using

our forces, we must seem inactive; when we are near, we must make

the enemy believe we are far away; when far away, we must make

him believe we are near.

20. Hold out baits to entice the enemy. Feign disorder, and crush

him.

[All commentators, except Chang Yu, say, "When he is in disorder,

crush him." It is more natural to suppose that Sun Tzŭ is still

illustrating the uses of deception in war.]

21. If he is secure at all points, be prepared for him. If he is

in superior strength, evade him.

22. If your opponent is of choleric temper, seek to irritate him.

Pretend to be weak, that he may grow arrogant.