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[This extremely concise expression is intelligibly paraphrased by

Chia Lin: "even though we have constructed neither wall nor

ditch." Li Ch'uan says: "we puzzle him by strange and unusual

dispositions;" and Tu Mu finally clinches the meaning by three

illustrative anecdotes-one of Chu-ko Liang, who when occupying

Yang-p'ing and about to be attacked by Ssu-ma I, suddenly struck

his colors, stopped the beating of the drums, and flung open the

city gates, showing only a few men engaged in sweeping and

sprinkling the ground. This unexpected proceeding had the

intended effect; for Ssu-ma I, suspecting an ambush, actually

drew off his army and retreated. What Sun Tzŭ is advocating here,

therefore, is nothing more nor less than the timely use of

"bluff."]

13. By discovering the enemy's dispositions and remaining

invisible ourselves, we can keep our forces concentrated, while

the enemy's must be divided.