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In order to restore, in some measure, that free circulation of

labour which those different statutes had almost entirely taken

away, the invention of certificates was fallen upon. By the 8th

and 9th of William III. it was enacted that if any person should

bring a certificate from the parish where he was last legally

settled, subscribed by the church-wardens and overseers of the

poor, and allowed by two justices of the peace, that every other

parish should be obliged to receive him; that he should not be

removable merely upon account of his being likely to become

chargeable, but only upon his becoming actually chargeable; and

that then the parish which granted the certificate should be

obliged to pay the expense both of his maintenance and of his

removal.