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9. The Commander stands for the virtues of wisdom, sincerity,

benevolence, courage and strictness.

[The five cardinal virtues of the Chinese are (1) humanity or

benevolence; (2) uprightness of mind; (3) self-respect,

self-control, or "proper feeling;" (4) wisdom; (5) sincerity or

good faith. Here "wisdom" and "sincerity" are put before

"humanity or benevolence," and the two military virtues of

"courage" and "strictness" substituted for "uprightness of mind"

and "self-respect, self-control, or 'proper feeling.'"]

10. By Method and discipline are to be understood the marshalling

of the army in its proper subdivisions, the gradations of rank

among the officers, the maintenance of roads by which supplies

may reach the army, and the control of military expenditure.

11. These five heads should be familiar to every general: he who

knows them will be victorious; he who knows them not will fail.