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The difference between the money price of labour in China and in

Europe, is still greater than that between the money price of

subsistence; because the real recompence of labour is higher in

Europe than in China, the greater part of Europe being in an

improving state, while China seems to be standing still. The

money price of labour is lower in Scotland than in England,

because the real recompence of labour is much lower: Scotland,

though advancing to greater wealth, advances much more slowly

than England. The frequency of emigration from Scotland, and the

rarity of it from England, sufficiently prove that the demand for

labour is very different in the two countries. The proportion

between the real recompence of labour in different countries, it

must be remembered, is naturally regulated, not by their actual

wealth or poverty, but by their advancing, stationary, or

declining condition.