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For this reason it is thought to be a greater proof of Courage to

be fearless and undisturbed under the pressure of sudden fear

than under that which may be anticipated, because Courage then

comes rather from a fixed habit, or less from preparation: since

as to foreseen dangers a man might take his line even from

calculation and reasoning, but in those which are sudden he will

do so according to his fixed habit of mind.

Fifthly and lastly, those who are acting under Ignorance have a

show of Courage and are not very far from the Hopeful; but still

they are inferior inasmuch as they have no opinion of themselves;

which the others have, and therefore stay and contest a field for

some little time; but they who have been deceived fly the moment

they know things to be otherwise than they supposed, which the

Argives experienced when they fell on the Lacedaemonians, taking

them for the men of Sicyon.

Chapter XII.