图书 · The Republic
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作者: Plato
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There is a famous question discussed in one of the earlier
Dialogues of Plato (Protagoras; Arist. Nic. Ethics), 'Whether the
virtues are one or many?' This receives an answer which is to the
effect that there are four cardinal virtues (now for the first
time brought together in ethical philosophy), and one supreme
over the rest, which is not like Aristotle's conception of
universal justice, virtue relative to others, but the whole of
virtue relative to the parts. To this universal conception of
justice or order in the first education and in the moral nature
of man, the still more universal conception of the good in the
second education and in the sphere of speculative knowledge seems
to succeed. Both might be equally described by the terms 'law,'
'order,' 'harmony;' but while the idea of good embraces 'all time
and all existence,' the conception of justice is not extended
beyond man.
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