第19页 / 共88页

Modern industry has converted the little workshop of the

patriarchal master into the great factory of the industrial

capitalist. Masses of labourers, crowded into the factory, are

organised like soldiers. As privates of the industrial army they

are placed under the command of a perfect hierarchy of officers

and sergeants. Not only are they slaves of the bourgeois class,

and of the bourgeois State; they are daily and hourly enslaved by

the machine, by the over-looker, and, above all, by the

individual bourgeois manufacturer himself. The more openly this

despotism proclaims gain to be its end and aim, the more petty,

the more hateful and the more embittering it is.